Perform common data transformations
pre_process( data, std = TRUE, scale_by = 1, log_vars = NULL, log_base = exp(1), zero_start = NULL, zero_one = NULL )
| data | A data frame or tibble. |
|---|---|
| std | Standardize numeric/integer variables? |
| scale_by | A single value to standardize by. See details. Default is 1. |
| log_vars | Which variables to log. Requires `vars()`. |
| log_base | Log base. Default is `exp(1)`. |
| zero_start | Which variables to start by zero. Requires `vars()`. |
| zero_one | Which variables to rescale from 0 to 1. Requires `vars()`. |
A data frame that has been processed
At a minimum, by default, this function will standardize numeric/integer variables in a data set by the value provided to std (1 standard deviation is the default for scale_by). If scale_by is set to zero, the variables will simply be centered and not scaled. This operation will only be performed on variables not provided for the other options.
- It will log variables contained within vars(), with base equal to log_base, which is exp(1) by default (i.e. natural log).
- zero_start will make the minimum value zero, as often done for time index variables in longitudinal data. - zero_one will rescale variables to range from 0 to 1.
This is a bare minimum function, meant to perform common operations quickly/easily. If you're wanting to do more than this, you'll have to do it yourself.
I would have called this function transmute, but it's already taken by dplyr, despite no one ever using it for the purpose of turning into a whirlwind capable of taking out whatever the Galactor may have in store for them.
#> mpg cyl disp hp drat wt #> 1 0.15088482 -0.1049878 -0.57061982 -0.53509284 0.56751369 -0.610399567 #> 2 0.15088482 -0.1049878 -0.57061982 -0.53509284 0.56751369 -0.349785269 #> 3 0.44954345 -1.2248578 -0.99018209 -0.78304046 0.47399959 -0.917004624 #> 4 0.21725341 -0.1049878 0.22009369 -0.53509284 -0.96611753 -0.002299538 #> 5 -0.23073453 1.0148821 1.04308123 0.41294217 -0.83519779 0.227654255 #> 6 -0.33028740 -0.1049878 -0.04616698 -0.60801861 -1.56460776 0.248094592 #> 7 -0.96078893 1.0148821 1.04308123 1.43390296 -0.72298087 0.360516446 #> 8 0.71501778 -1.2248578 -0.67793094 -1.23518023 0.17475447 -0.027849959 #> 9 0.44954345 -1.2248578 -0.72553512 -0.75387015 0.60491932 -0.068730634 #> 10 -0.14777380 -0.1049878 -0.50929918 -0.34548584 0.60491932 0.227654255 #> 11 -0.38006384 -0.1049878 -0.50929918 -0.34548584 0.60491932 0.227654255 #> 12 -0.61235388 1.0148821 0.36371309 0.48586794 -0.98482035 0.871524874 #> 13 -0.46302456 1.0148821 0.36371309 0.48586794 -0.98482035 0.524039143 #> 14 -0.81145962 1.0148821 0.36371309 0.48586794 -0.98482035 0.575139986 #> 15 -1.60788262 1.0148821 1.94675381 0.85049680 -1.24665983 2.077504765 #> 16 -1.60788262 1.0148821 1.84993175 0.99634834 -1.11574009 2.255335698 #> 17 -0.89442035 1.0148821 1.68856165 1.21512565 -0.68557523 2.174596366 #> 18 2.04238943 -1.2248578 -1.22658929 -1.17683962 0.90416444 -1.039646647 #> 19 1.71054652 -1.2248578 -1.25079481 -1.38103178 2.49390411 -1.637526508 #> 20 2.29127162 -1.2248578 -1.28790993 -1.19142477 1.16600392 -1.412682800 #> 21 0.23384555 -1.2248578 -0.89255318 -0.72469984 0.19345729 -0.768812180 #> 22 -0.76168319 1.0148821 0.70420401 0.04831332 -1.56460776 0.309415603 #> 23 -0.81145962 1.0148821 0.59124494 0.04831332 -0.83519779 0.222544170 #> 24 -1.12671039 1.0148821 0.96239618 1.43390296 0.24956575 0.636460997 #> 25 -0.14777380 1.0148821 1.36582144 0.41294217 -0.96611753 0.641571082 #> 26 1.19619000 -1.2248578 -1.22416874 -1.17683962 0.90416444 -1.310481114 #> 27 0.98049211 -1.2248578 -0.89093948 -0.81221077 1.55876313 -1.100967659 #> 28 1.71054652 -1.2248578 -1.09426581 -0.49133738 0.32437703 -1.741772228 #> 29 -0.71190675 1.0148821 0.97046468 1.71102089 1.16600392 -0.048290296 #> 30 -0.06481307 -0.1049878 -0.69164740 0.41294217 0.04383473 -0.457097039 #> 31 -0.84464392 1.0148821 0.56703942 2.74656682 -0.10578782 0.360516446 #> 32 0.21725341 -1.2248578 -0.88529152 -0.54967799 0.96027290 -0.446876870 #> qsec vs am gear carb #> 1 -0.77716515 -0.8680278 1.1899014 0.4235542 0.7352031 #> 2 -0.46378082 -0.8680278 1.1899014 0.4235542 0.7352031 #> 3 0.42600682 1.1160357 1.1899014 0.4235542 -1.1221521 #> 4 0.89048716 1.1160357 -0.8141431 -0.9318192 -1.1221521 #> 5 -0.46378082 -0.8680278 -0.8141431 -0.9318192 -0.5030337 #> 6 1.32698675 1.1160357 -0.8141431 -0.9318192 -1.1221521 #> 7 -1.12412636 -0.8680278 -0.8141431 -0.9318192 0.7352031 #> 8 1.20387148 1.1160357 -0.8141431 0.4235542 -0.5030337 #> 9 2.82675459 1.1160357 -0.8141431 0.4235542 -0.5030337 #> 10 0.25252621 1.1160357 -0.8141431 0.4235542 0.7352031 #> 11 0.58829513 1.1160357 -0.8141431 0.4235542 0.7352031 #> 12 -0.25112717 -0.8680278 -0.8141431 -0.9318192 0.1160847 #> 13 -0.13920420 -0.8680278 -0.8141431 -0.9318192 0.1160847 #> 14 0.08464175 -0.8680278 -0.8141431 -0.9318192 0.1160847 #> 15 0.07344945 -0.8680278 -0.8141431 -0.9318192 0.7352031 #> 16 -0.01608893 -0.8680278 -0.8141431 -0.9318192 0.7352031 #> 17 -0.23993487 -0.8680278 -0.8141431 -0.9318192 0.7352031 #> 18 0.90727560 1.1160357 1.1899014 0.4235542 -1.1221521 #> 19 0.37564148 1.1160357 1.1899014 0.4235542 -0.5030337 #> 20 1.14790999 1.1160357 1.1899014 0.4235542 -1.1221521 #> 21 1.20946763 1.1160357 -0.8141431 -0.9318192 -1.1221521 #> 22 -0.54772305 -0.8680278 -0.8141431 -0.9318192 -0.5030337 #> 23 -0.30708866 -0.8680278 -0.8141431 -0.9318192 -0.5030337 #> 24 -1.36476075 -0.8680278 -0.8141431 -0.9318192 0.7352031 #> 25 -0.44699237 -0.8680278 -0.8141431 -0.9318192 -0.5030337 #> 26 0.58829513 1.1160357 1.1899014 0.4235542 -1.1221521 #> 27 -0.64285758 -0.8680278 1.1899014 1.7789276 -0.5030337 #> 28 -0.53093460 1.1160357 1.1899014 1.7789276 -0.5030337 #> 29 -1.87401028 -0.8680278 1.1899014 1.7789276 0.7352031 #> 30 -1.31439542 -0.8680278 1.1899014 1.7789276 1.9734398 #> 31 -1.81804880 -0.8680278 1.1899014 1.7789276 3.2116766 #> 32 0.42041067 1.1160357 1.1899014 0.4235542 -0.5030337#> mpg cyl disp hp drat wt #> 1 3.044522 -0.1049878 -0.57061982 -0.53509284 0.56751369 0.9631743 #> 2 3.044522 -0.1049878 -0.57061982 -0.53509284 0.56751369 1.0560527 #> 3 3.126761 -1.2248578 -0.99018209 -0.78304046 0.47399959 0.8415672 #> 4 3.063391 -0.1049878 0.22009369 -0.53509284 -0.96611753 1.1678274 #> 5 2.928524 1.0148821 1.04308123 0.41294217 -0.83519779 1.2354715 #> 6 2.895912 -0.1049878 -0.04616698 -0.60801861 -1.56460776 1.2412686 #> 7 2.660260 1.0148821 1.04308123 1.43390296 -0.72298087 1.2725656 #> 8 3.194583 -1.2248578 -0.67793094 -1.23518023 0.17475447 1.1600209 #> 9 3.126761 -1.2248578 -0.72553512 -0.75387015 0.60491932 1.1474025 #> 10 2.954910 -0.1049878 -0.50929918 -0.34548584 0.60491932 1.2354715 #> 11 2.879198 -0.1049878 -0.50929918 -0.34548584 0.60491932 1.2354715 #> 12 2.797281 1.0148821 0.36371309 0.48586794 -0.98482035 1.4036430 #> 13 2.850707 1.0148821 0.36371309 0.48586794 -0.98482035 1.3164082 #> 14 2.721295 1.0148821 0.36371309 0.48586794 -0.98482035 1.3297240 #> 15 2.341806 1.0148821 1.94675381 0.85049680 -1.24665983 1.6582281 #> 16 2.341806 1.0148821 1.84993175 0.99634834 -1.11574009 1.6908336 #> 17 2.687847 1.0148821 1.68856165 1.21512565 -0.68557523 1.6761615 #> 18 3.478158 -1.2248578 -1.22658929 -1.17683962 0.90416444 0.7884574 #> 19 3.414443 -1.2248578 -1.25079481 -1.38103178 2.49390411 0.4793350 #> 20 3.523415 -1.2248578 -1.28790993 -1.19142477 1.16600392 0.6070445 #> 21 3.068053 -1.2248578 -0.89255318 -0.72469984 0.19345729 0.9021918 #> 22 2.740840 1.0148821 0.70420401 0.04831332 -1.56460776 1.2584610 #> 23 2.721295 1.0148821 0.59124494 0.04831332 -0.83519779 1.2340169 #> 24 2.587764 1.0148821 0.96239618 1.43390296 0.24956575 1.3454724 #> 25 2.954910 1.0148821 1.36582144 0.41294217 -0.96611753 1.3467736 #> 26 3.306887 -1.2248578 -1.22416874 -1.17683962 0.90416444 0.6601073 #> 27 3.258097 -1.2248578 -0.89093948 -0.81221077 1.55876313 0.7608058 #> 28 3.414443 -1.2248578 -1.09426581 -0.49133738 0.32437703 0.4140944 #> 29 2.760010 1.0148821 0.97046468 1.71102089 1.16600392 1.1537316 #> 30 2.980619 -0.1049878 -0.69164740 0.41294217 0.04383473 1.0188473 #> 31 2.708050 1.0148821 0.56703942 2.74656682 -0.10578782 1.2725656 #> 32 3.063391 -1.2248578 -0.88529152 -0.54967799 0.96027290 1.0224509 #> qsec vs am gear carb #> 1 -0.77716515 -0.8680278 1.1899014 0.4235542 0.7352031 #> 2 -0.46378082 -0.8680278 1.1899014 0.4235542 0.7352031 #> 3 0.42600682 1.1160357 1.1899014 0.4235542 -1.1221521 #> 4 0.89048716 1.1160357 -0.8141431 -0.9318192 -1.1221521 #> 5 -0.46378082 -0.8680278 -0.8141431 -0.9318192 -0.5030337 #> 6 1.32698675 1.1160357 -0.8141431 -0.9318192 -1.1221521 #> 7 -1.12412636 -0.8680278 -0.8141431 -0.9318192 0.7352031 #> 8 1.20387148 1.1160357 -0.8141431 0.4235542 -0.5030337 #> 9 2.82675459 1.1160357 -0.8141431 0.4235542 -0.5030337 #> 10 0.25252621 1.1160357 -0.8141431 0.4235542 0.7352031 #> 11 0.58829513 1.1160357 -0.8141431 0.4235542 0.7352031 #> 12 -0.25112717 -0.8680278 -0.8141431 -0.9318192 0.1160847 #> 13 -0.13920420 -0.8680278 -0.8141431 -0.9318192 0.1160847 #> 14 0.08464175 -0.8680278 -0.8141431 -0.9318192 0.1160847 #> 15 0.07344945 -0.8680278 -0.8141431 -0.9318192 0.7352031 #> 16 -0.01608893 -0.8680278 -0.8141431 -0.9318192 0.7352031 #> 17 -0.23993487 -0.8680278 -0.8141431 -0.9318192 0.7352031 #> 18 0.90727560 1.1160357 1.1899014 0.4235542 -1.1221521 #> 19 0.37564148 1.1160357 1.1899014 0.4235542 -0.5030337 #> 20 1.14790999 1.1160357 1.1899014 0.4235542 -1.1221521 #> 21 1.20946763 1.1160357 -0.8141431 -0.9318192 -1.1221521 #> 22 -0.54772305 -0.8680278 -0.8141431 -0.9318192 -0.5030337 #> 23 -0.30708866 -0.8680278 -0.8141431 -0.9318192 -0.5030337 #> 24 -1.36476075 -0.8680278 -0.8141431 -0.9318192 0.7352031 #> 25 -0.44699237 -0.8680278 -0.8141431 -0.9318192 -0.5030337 #> 26 0.58829513 1.1160357 1.1899014 0.4235542 -1.1221521 #> 27 -0.64285758 -0.8680278 1.1899014 1.7789276 -0.5030337 #> 28 -0.53093460 1.1160357 1.1899014 1.7789276 -0.5030337 #> 29 -1.87401028 -0.8680278 1.1899014 1.7789276 0.7352031 #> 30 -1.31439542 -0.8680278 1.1899014 1.7789276 1.9734398 #> 31 -1.81804880 -0.8680278 1.1899014 1.7789276 3.2116766 #> 32 0.42041067 1.1160357 1.1899014 0.4235542 -0.5030337#> mpg cyl disp hp drat wt qsec #> 1 0.15088482 2 -0.57061982 -0.53509284 0.56751369 -0.610399567 -0.77716515 #> 2 0.15088482 2 -0.57061982 -0.53509284 0.56751369 -0.349785269 -0.46378082 #> 3 0.44954345 0 -0.99018209 -0.78304046 0.47399959 -0.917004624 0.42600682 #> 4 0.21725341 2 0.22009369 -0.53509284 -0.96611753 -0.002299538 0.89048716 #> 5 -0.23073453 4 1.04308123 0.41294217 -0.83519779 0.227654255 -0.46378082 #> 6 -0.33028740 2 -0.04616698 -0.60801861 -1.56460776 0.248094592 1.32698675 #> 7 -0.96078893 4 1.04308123 1.43390296 -0.72298087 0.360516446 -1.12412636 #> 8 0.71501778 0 -0.67793094 -1.23518023 0.17475447 -0.027849959 1.20387148 #> 9 0.44954345 0 -0.72553512 -0.75387015 0.60491932 -0.068730634 2.82675459 #> 10 -0.14777380 2 -0.50929918 -0.34548584 0.60491932 0.227654255 0.25252621 #> 11 -0.38006384 2 -0.50929918 -0.34548584 0.60491932 0.227654255 0.58829513 #> 12 -0.61235388 4 0.36371309 0.48586794 -0.98482035 0.871524874 -0.25112717 #> 13 -0.46302456 4 0.36371309 0.48586794 -0.98482035 0.524039143 -0.13920420 #> 14 -0.81145962 4 0.36371309 0.48586794 -0.98482035 0.575139986 0.08464175 #> 15 -1.60788262 4 1.94675381 0.85049680 -1.24665983 2.077504765 0.07344945 #> 16 -1.60788262 4 1.84993175 0.99634834 -1.11574009 2.255335698 -0.01608893 #> 17 -0.89442035 4 1.68856165 1.21512565 -0.68557523 2.174596366 -0.23993487 #> 18 2.04238943 0 -1.22658929 -1.17683962 0.90416444 -1.039646647 0.90727560 #> 19 1.71054652 0 -1.25079481 -1.38103178 2.49390411 -1.637526508 0.37564148 #> 20 2.29127162 0 -1.28790993 -1.19142477 1.16600392 -1.412682800 1.14790999 #> 21 0.23384555 0 -0.89255318 -0.72469984 0.19345729 -0.768812180 1.20946763 #> 22 -0.76168319 4 0.70420401 0.04831332 -1.56460776 0.309415603 -0.54772305 #> 23 -0.81145962 4 0.59124494 0.04831332 -0.83519779 0.222544170 -0.30708866 #> 24 -1.12671039 4 0.96239618 1.43390296 0.24956575 0.636460997 -1.36476075 #> 25 -0.14777380 4 1.36582144 0.41294217 -0.96611753 0.641571082 -0.44699237 #> 26 1.19619000 0 -1.22416874 -1.17683962 0.90416444 -1.310481114 0.58829513 #> 27 0.98049211 0 -0.89093948 -0.81221077 1.55876313 -1.100967659 -0.64285758 #> 28 1.71054652 0 -1.09426581 -0.49133738 0.32437703 -1.741772228 -0.53093460 #> 29 -0.71190675 4 0.97046468 1.71102089 1.16600392 -0.048290296 -1.87401028 #> 30 -0.06481307 2 -0.69164740 0.41294217 0.04383473 -0.457097039 -1.31439542 #> 31 -0.84464392 4 0.56703942 2.74656682 -0.10578782 0.360516446 -1.81804880 #> 32 0.21725341 0 -0.88529152 -0.54967799 0.96027290 -0.446876870 0.42041067 #> vs am gear carb #> 1 -0.8680278 1.1899014 1 0.7352031 #> 2 -0.8680278 1.1899014 1 0.7352031 #> 3 1.1160357 1.1899014 1 -1.1221521 #> 4 1.1160357 -0.8141431 0 -1.1221521 #> 5 -0.8680278 -0.8141431 0 -0.5030337 #> 6 1.1160357 -0.8141431 0 -1.1221521 #> 7 -0.8680278 -0.8141431 0 0.7352031 #> 8 1.1160357 -0.8141431 1 -0.5030337 #> 9 1.1160357 -0.8141431 1 -0.5030337 #> 10 1.1160357 -0.8141431 1 0.7352031 #> 11 1.1160357 -0.8141431 1 0.7352031 #> 12 -0.8680278 -0.8141431 0 0.1160847 #> 13 -0.8680278 -0.8141431 0 0.1160847 #> 14 -0.8680278 -0.8141431 0 0.1160847 #> 15 -0.8680278 -0.8141431 0 0.7352031 #> 16 -0.8680278 -0.8141431 0 0.7352031 #> 17 -0.8680278 -0.8141431 0 0.7352031 #> 18 1.1160357 1.1899014 1 -1.1221521 #> 19 1.1160357 1.1899014 1 -0.5030337 #> 20 1.1160357 1.1899014 1 -1.1221521 #> 21 1.1160357 -0.8141431 0 -1.1221521 #> 22 -0.8680278 -0.8141431 0 -0.5030337 #> 23 -0.8680278 -0.8141431 0 -0.5030337 #> 24 -0.8680278 -0.8141431 0 0.7352031 #> 25 -0.8680278 -0.8141431 0 -0.5030337 #> 26 1.1160357 1.1899014 1 -1.1221521 #> 27 -0.8680278 1.1899014 2 -0.5030337 #> 28 1.1160357 1.1899014 2 -0.5030337 #> 29 -0.8680278 1.1899014 2 0.7352031 #> 30 -0.8680278 1.1899014 2 1.9734398 #> 31 -0.8680278 1.1899014 2 3.2116766 #> 32 1.1160357 1.1899014 1 -0.5030337#> mpg cyl disp hp drat wt #> 1 0.4510638 -0.1049878 -0.57061982 -0.53509284 0.56751369 -0.610399567 #> 2 0.4510638 -0.1049878 -0.57061982 -0.53509284 0.56751369 -0.349785269 #> 3 0.5276596 -1.2248578 -0.99018209 -0.78304046 0.47399959 -0.917004624 #> 4 0.4680851 -0.1049878 0.22009369 -0.53509284 -0.96611753 -0.002299538 #> 5 0.3531915 1.0148821 1.04308123 0.41294217 -0.83519779 0.227654255 #> 6 0.3276596 -0.1049878 -0.04616698 -0.60801861 -1.56460776 0.248094592 #> 7 0.1659574 1.0148821 1.04308123 1.43390296 -0.72298087 0.360516446 #> 8 0.5957447 -1.2248578 -0.67793094 -1.23518023 0.17475447 -0.027849959 #> 9 0.5276596 -1.2248578 -0.72553512 -0.75387015 0.60491932 -0.068730634 #> 10 0.3744681 -0.1049878 -0.50929918 -0.34548584 0.60491932 0.227654255 #> 11 0.3148936 -0.1049878 -0.50929918 -0.34548584 0.60491932 0.227654255 #> 12 0.2553191 1.0148821 0.36371309 0.48586794 -0.98482035 0.871524874 #> 13 0.2936170 1.0148821 0.36371309 0.48586794 -0.98482035 0.524039143 #> 14 0.2042553 1.0148821 0.36371309 0.48586794 -0.98482035 0.575139986 #> 15 0.0000000 1.0148821 1.94675381 0.85049680 -1.24665983 2.077504765 #> 16 0.0000000 1.0148821 1.84993175 0.99634834 -1.11574009 2.255335698 #> 17 0.1829787 1.0148821 1.68856165 1.21512565 -0.68557523 2.174596366 #> 18 0.9361702 -1.2248578 -1.22658929 -1.17683962 0.90416444 -1.039646647 #> 19 0.8510638 -1.2248578 -1.25079481 -1.38103178 2.49390411 -1.637526508 #> 20 1.0000000 -1.2248578 -1.28790993 -1.19142477 1.16600392 -1.412682800 #> 21 0.4723404 -1.2248578 -0.89255318 -0.72469984 0.19345729 -0.768812180 #> 22 0.2170213 1.0148821 0.70420401 0.04831332 -1.56460776 0.309415603 #> 23 0.2042553 1.0148821 0.59124494 0.04831332 -0.83519779 0.222544170 #> 24 0.1234043 1.0148821 0.96239618 1.43390296 0.24956575 0.636460997 #> 25 0.3744681 1.0148821 1.36582144 0.41294217 -0.96611753 0.641571082 #> 26 0.7191489 -1.2248578 -1.22416874 -1.17683962 0.90416444 -1.310481114 #> 27 0.6638298 -1.2248578 -0.89093948 -0.81221077 1.55876313 -1.100967659 #> 28 0.8510638 -1.2248578 -1.09426581 -0.49133738 0.32437703 -1.741772228 #> 29 0.2297872 1.0148821 0.97046468 1.71102089 1.16600392 -0.048290296 #> 30 0.3957447 -0.1049878 -0.69164740 0.41294217 0.04383473 -0.457097039 #> 31 0.1957447 1.0148821 0.56703942 2.74656682 -0.10578782 0.360516446 #> 32 0.4680851 -1.2248578 -0.88529152 -0.54967799 0.96027290 -0.446876870 #> qsec vs am gear carb #> 1 -0.77716515 -0.8680278 1.1899014 0.4235542 0.7352031 #> 2 -0.46378082 -0.8680278 1.1899014 0.4235542 0.7352031 #> 3 0.42600682 1.1160357 1.1899014 0.4235542 -1.1221521 #> 4 0.89048716 1.1160357 -0.8141431 -0.9318192 -1.1221521 #> 5 -0.46378082 -0.8680278 -0.8141431 -0.9318192 -0.5030337 #> 6 1.32698675 1.1160357 -0.8141431 -0.9318192 -1.1221521 #> 7 -1.12412636 -0.8680278 -0.8141431 -0.9318192 0.7352031 #> 8 1.20387148 1.1160357 -0.8141431 0.4235542 -0.5030337 #> 9 2.82675459 1.1160357 -0.8141431 0.4235542 -0.5030337 #> 10 0.25252621 1.1160357 -0.8141431 0.4235542 0.7352031 #> 11 0.58829513 1.1160357 -0.8141431 0.4235542 0.7352031 #> 12 -0.25112717 -0.8680278 -0.8141431 -0.9318192 0.1160847 #> 13 -0.13920420 -0.8680278 -0.8141431 -0.9318192 0.1160847 #> 14 0.08464175 -0.8680278 -0.8141431 -0.9318192 0.1160847 #> 15 0.07344945 -0.8680278 -0.8141431 -0.9318192 0.7352031 #> 16 -0.01608893 -0.8680278 -0.8141431 -0.9318192 0.7352031 #> 17 -0.23993487 -0.8680278 -0.8141431 -0.9318192 0.7352031 #> 18 0.90727560 1.1160357 1.1899014 0.4235542 -1.1221521 #> 19 0.37564148 1.1160357 1.1899014 0.4235542 -0.5030337 #> 20 1.14790999 1.1160357 1.1899014 0.4235542 -1.1221521 #> 21 1.20946763 1.1160357 -0.8141431 -0.9318192 -1.1221521 #> 22 -0.54772305 -0.8680278 -0.8141431 -0.9318192 -0.5030337 #> 23 -0.30708866 -0.8680278 -0.8141431 -0.9318192 -0.5030337 #> 24 -1.36476075 -0.8680278 -0.8141431 -0.9318192 0.7352031 #> 25 -0.44699237 -0.8680278 -0.8141431 -0.9318192 -0.5030337 #> 26 0.58829513 1.1160357 1.1899014 0.4235542 -1.1221521 #> 27 -0.64285758 -0.8680278 1.1899014 1.7789276 -0.5030337 #> 28 -0.53093460 1.1160357 1.1899014 1.7789276 -0.5030337 #> 29 -1.87401028 -0.8680278 1.1899014 1.7789276 0.7352031 #> 30 -1.31439542 -0.8680278 1.1899014 1.7789276 1.9734398 #> 31 -1.81804880 -0.8680278 1.1899014 1.7789276 3.2116766 #> 32 0.42041067 1.1160357 1.1899014 0.4235542 -0.5030337