Structural Equation Modeling
Preface
Prerequisites
Statistical
Programming
Introduction
Outline
Graphical Models
Latent Variables
SEM
Others
Programming Language Choice
Setup
Introduction to R
Getting Started
Installation
Packages
RStudio
Importing Data
Key things to know about R
R is a programming language, not a ‘stats package’
Never ask if R can do what you want. It can.
Main components: script, console, graphics device
R is easy to use, but difficult to master.
Object-oriented
Case sensitive
The lavaan package
Getting help
Moving forward
Exercises
Summary
Part I: Core SEM
Graphical Models
Directed Graphs
Standard linear model
Path Analysis
Bayesian Networks
Undirected Graphs
Network analysis
Summary
R packages used
Latent Variables
Dimension Reduction/Compression
Principal Components Analysis
Factor Analysis
Other Techniques
Summary
Constructs and Measurement Models
Other issues in Factor Analysis
Some specific factor models in SEM
Scale development
Factor Scores
Terminology
Some Other Uses of Latent Variables
Summary
R packages used
Structural Equation Modeling
Measurement Model
Structural Model
The Process
Initial Considerations of Complexity
Steps to Take
SEM Example
Issues in SEM
Identification
Fit
Model Comparison
Prediction
Observed covariates
Interactions
Estimation
Missing data
Other SEM approaches
How to fool yourself with SEM
Sample size
Poor data
Naming a latent variable doesn’t mean it exists
Ignoring diagnostics
Ignoring performance
A plan of attack
Summary
Terminology
R Packages Used
Part II: Common Extensions
Latent Growth Curves
Random effects
Model formality
Random Effects in SEM
Simulating Random Effects
Running a Growth Curve Model
Thinking more generally about regression
More on LGC
LGC are non-standard SEM
Residual correlations
Nonlinear time effect
Growth Mixture Models
Other covariates
Some Differences between Mixed Models and Growth Curves
Random slopes
Time-varying covariates
Unequal variances
Wide vs. long
Sample size
Number of time points
Balance
Numbering the time points
Other stuff
Parallel Processes
Cross-lagged Models
Summary
R Packages Used
Mixture Models
A Motivating Example
Create Clustered Data
Mixture modeling with Old Faithful
SEM and Latent Categorical Variables
Latent Categories vs. Multi-group Analysis
Latent Trajectories
Estimation
Terminology in SEM
Summary
R Packages Used
Item Response Theory
Standard Models
One Parameter Model
Two Parameter Model
Three Parameter Model
Four Parameter Model
Other IRT Models
Additional covariates
Graded Response Model
Multidimensional IRT
Other IRT
Summary
IRT Terminology
R Packages Used
Part III: Going Further
Topic Models
Latent Dirichlet Allocation
Analysis
Summary of Topic Models
Bayesian Nonparametric Models
Chinese Restaurant Process
Indian Buffet Process
Summary
R packages used
Other Techniques
Recommender Systems
Hidden Markov Models
“Cluster analysis”
K-means
Hierarchical
ICA
Summary
Appendix
Data Set Descriptions
McClelland
National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (1997, NLSY97)
Wheaton 1977 data
Harman 5
Big Five
Old Faithful
Harman 1974
Marsh & Hocevar 1985
Abortion Attitudes
Terminology in SEM
Problematic and/or not very useful terms
Lavaan Output Explained
Code Examples
Factor Analysis via Maximum Likelihood
Parallel Process Example
Causal Bias
Prediction
Chance
Other
Some references
Software Revisited
Mplus
R
Stata
Other
Resources
Graphical Models
Potential Outcomes
Measurement Models (including IRT)
Applied SEM
Nonparametric models
lavaan
Other SEM tools in R
Graphical & Latent Variable Modeling
Graphical & Latent Variable Modeling
Michael Clark
m-clark.github.io
2018-09-15